Complete Manual  |
For users on slower connections, we offer three segmented downloads.
1 - The Covers
2 - Pages 2-71
3 - Pages 72-156
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| Covers |
| Acknowledgements |
| Table of Contents |
| Introduction |
| DelDOT Roadside Vegetation Policy |
| Purpose of the Establishment and Management Manual |
| Integrated Roadside Vegetation Management Program |
| Environmental Stewardship and Public Perception |
| Audience |
| Goals and Objectives |
| Establishing Vegetation |
| Establishing Vegetation Introduction |
| Site Conditions |
| Roadway limitations |
| Soil and water conditions |
| Soil compaction |
| Soil pH |
| Lack of topsoil |
| Erosion control |
| Contamination |
| Drainage issues |
| Site Preparation |
| Conserving indigenous plant communities |
| Plant community inventory |
| Weed control in plant communities |
| Selective removal of vegetation |
| Removing undesirable vegetation |
| Removal strategies |
| Removal methods |
| Soil preparation |
| Grading |
| Topsoil |
| Soil amendment/nutrition |
| Tillage |
| Site preparation equipment |
| Case study examples of site preparation |
| Establishment Using Seed |
| Seed characteristics |
| Purity |
| Inert matter |
| Weed seeds |
| Other crop seed |
| Germination |
| Pure live seed (PLS) |
| Variety |
| Cleaned seed |
| Certified seed |
| Provenance |
| Seed dormancy |
| DelDOT standard specifications |
| Vegetation types established by seed |
| Temporary cover |
| Regularly mowed turf |
| Low growing turf |
| Grass meadows |
| Mixed grass and forb meadows |
| Methods of seeding |
| Broadcast seeding |
| Hydroseeding |
| Drill seeding |
| Topdressing |
| Establishment Using Vegetative Material |
| Types of vegetative material |
| Sod |
| Plugs |
| Bare-root plants |
| Container-grown plants |
| Balled and burlapped plants |
| Methods of planting |
| Sodding |
| Plugging |
| Bare-root planting |
| Container-grown planting |
| Balled and burlapped planting |
| Tree spading |
| Plant acquisition |
| Inspection |
| Contract growing |
| Mulching |
| Seeded sites |
| Straw mulching |
| Cereal grain straw |
| Salt hay mulch |
| Bonded fiber matrix |
| Soil retention blanket mulches |
| Landscape beds |
| Irrigation |
| Design and Stakeout of Landscape Planting Projects |
| Replacement |
| Managing Vegetation |
| IRVM Objectives |
| Roadside Features |
| Guardrails |
| Medians |
| Roadsides |
| Beds |
| Stormwater best management practices |
| Stormwater mitigation sites |
| Design Approaches |
| Regional |
| Regional-ornamental |
| Fully ornamental |
| Vegetation Reduction Techniques |
| Discontinued mowing or release |
| Editing |
| Cutting back |
| Mowing |
| Routine mowing |
| Periodic mowing |
| Equipment |
| Pruning |
| Reasons for pruning |
| Pruning tools |
| Pruning techniques |
| Natural target pruning |
| Pruning sequence |
| Pruning timing |
| Complete removal |
| Cutback |
| Trash Accumulation |
| Weeds |
| Weed classification |
| Plant type |
| Life cycle |
| Weed Control |
| Control methods |
| Cultural |
| Biological |
| Mechanical |
| Chemical |
| Herbicide safety |
| Herbicide use |
| Herbicide mode of action |
| Contact herbicides |
| Systemic herbicides |
| Herbicide selectivity |
| Nonselective herbicides |
| Selective herbicides |
| Plant factors |
| Application factors |
| Environmental factors |
| Herbicide formulations |
| Liquids or aqueous suspensions |
| Emulsifiable concentrates |
| Solutions |
| Liquefied gases |
| Wettable powders |
| Water dispersible granules and dry flowables |
| Soluble powders |
| Granules |
| Application equipment |
| Conventional sprayers |
| Backpack sprayers |
| Rope-wick applicators |
| Controlled droplet applications |
| Granular spreaders |
| Gravitational drop spreaders |
| Mechanically fed drop spreaders |
| Centrifugal or rotary spreaders |
| Equipment calibration |
| Cleaning and care of equipment |
| Calculating application rates |
| Additional application methods |
| Stem cutting |
| Basal bark treatment |
| Bare ground vegetation control |
| Spray drift control |
| Specific recommendations |
| Invasive woody plants |
| Meadows |
| Stormwater ponds |
| Wetland mitigation sites |
| Sensitive areas |
| Product policies |
| Fertilization |
| Turf |
| Trees and shrubs |
| Lime |
| Problems |
| Insect and disease |
| Cultural problems |
| Compaction |
| Excess mulch |
| Trunk, bark, branch and root damage |
| Supports, wire, twine and tree wrap |
| Salt damage |
| Soil grade changes |
| Diagnosing problems |
| Root flare |
| Crown dieback |
| Abnormal leaf size |
| Trunk scars |
| Yellow foliage |
| Record Keeping |
| DelDOT forms |
| Inventories |
| Guardrails |
| Existing stormwater system |
| Noxious and invasive weeds |
| Training Program |
| Glossary |
| Literature Cited |
| Appendix A – Herbicides How-to Information |
| Appendix B – Pesticide Application Daily Report Form |
| Appendix C – Selected Weed Species Control Recommendations |
| Appendix D – SOPs from DelDOT – handling spills; calibration; spray mixes |
| Appendix E – Structural Soil |
| Appendix F – Modular Paving |
| Appendix G – Herbicides Approved for Use on DelDOT Rights of Way |
| Appendix H – References |
